Articles by "Soil Improvement"

Showing posts with label Soil Improvement. Show all posts

Donald A. Bruce ... 447 pages -Publisher: CRC Press; 1st edition (October, 2012) ...
Language: English - ISBN-10: 0415781949 - ISBN-13: 978-0415781947 ... 

Dam and levee remediation has become more prevalent since the start of the twenty-first century. Given the vastness and complexity of the infrastructures involved, keeping up with maintenance needs is very difficult. Major surges in repair are usually triggered by nature’s wake-up calls, such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes. The challenge has been to develop methods that ensure safe, effective, reliable, and robust solutions for current and future remediation issues. Specialty Construction Techniques for Dam and Levee Remediation presents the state of practice in North American dam and levee remediation as it relates to the use of specialty geotechnical construction techniques, such as anchors, grouting, cutoff (diaphragm) walls, and deep mixing.

The book focuses on the actual construction processes, describing design and performance aspects of remediation where appropriate. Chapters deal with the application of drilling and grouting methods, methods to install mix-in-place (category 2) cutoff structures, excavated and backfilled trenches (category 1), composite cutoff walls, and stabilization using prestressed rock anchors. The book also provides a comprehensive guide to dam and levee instrumentation, covering planning, operating principles, data management, staffing, and automation. As an educational and salutary example of ineffective efforts, the final chapter presents a case history of a series of remediations performed on a single project, which ultimately proved unsuccessful. A wide range of methods has been developed in response to the challenges that arise in the dam and levee remediation arena and the need for a competitive edge. These new methods are designed and monitored using state-of-the-art techniques, giving rise to the emergence of new intensity and initiative in this field. This book captures this transformation by examining the theory and practice of contemporary remedial techniques, using recent U.S. case histories to provide knowledge and inspiration to readers, both in North America and around the world.

Werner W. Müller ... 485 pages - Publisher: Springer; (November, 2006) ... Language: English - ISBN-10: 3540372865 - ISBN-13: 978-3540372868 ...

High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are widely used for liners and sealings in geotechnical engineering. Common applications include lining of ponds, dams and dykes, landfill underliners and cover systems, remediation of contaminated sites, waterproofing for tunnels, and beneath highways. This handbook covers all aspects of the field: basic materials, geomembrane manufacture, textured geomembranes, long-term performance and testing, installation and welding of geomembranes, quality assurance and control, leak detection, standards, recommendations and regulations. From The Back Cover: HDPE (High-density polyethylene) geomembranes are nowadays widely used for large-area liners and construction sealings in geotechnical engineering. Lining of water ponds, dams and dykes, landfill base liners and cover systems, remediation of contaminated sites, waterproof for tunnels, beneath highways and for various other civil engineering constructions are a few examples of application. The book covers all aspects of the HDPE geomembrane field: HDPE materials, geomembrane manufacture, textured geomembranes, properties, long-term performance and testing, installation and welding of geomembranes, quality assurance and control, leak detection, standards, recommendations and regulations. Various important topics are treated in detail. As part of it, the basic physical and chemical facts necessary to fully understand HDPE geomembrane properties and performance are carefully developed and explained. The book may therefore serve as a true handbook for manufacturers, designers, testing and inspection engineers and consultants and representatives of responsible administrations giving all relevant facts for appropriate design, manufacture and installation, testing and assessment of performance. Parts of it may also be used as textbook for lectures or seminars on geosynthetics and geotechnical or geoenvironmental engineering with geosynthetics in faculties of materials science and civil engineering.

Sanjay Kumar Shukla ... 181 pages - Publisher: Springer; (February, 2017) ... Language: English - ISBN-10: 9811030618 - ISBN-13: 978-9811030611.

This book is intended to serve as a one-stop reference on fibre-reinforced soils. Over the past 30-35 years, the engineering behaviour of randomly distributed/oriented fibre-reinforced soil, also called simply fibre-reinforced soil, has been investigated in detail by researchers and engineers worldwide. Waste fibres (plastic waste fibres, old tyre fibres, etc.) create disposal and environmental problems. Utilization of such fibres in construction can help resolve these concerns. Research studies and some field applications have shown that the fibres can be utilized in large quantities in geotechnical and civil engineering applications in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. This book covers a complete description of fibres, their effects when included within a soil or other similar materials such as the fly ash, and their field applications. It gives a detailed view of fibre-reinforced soil engineering. The book will be useful to students, professional, and researchers alike, and can also serve as a text for graduate coursework and professional development programs.

P. M. Jarrett, A. McGown ... 648 pages - Publisher: Springer; Reprint (October, 2013) ...
Language: English - ISBN-10: 9401071284 - ISBN-13: 978-9401071284 ...

Polymeric materials are being used in earthworks construction with ever increasing frequency. The term "Geosynthetics" was recently coined to encompass a diverse range of polymeric products designed for geotechnical purposes. One such purpose is the tensile reinforcement of soil~. As ten­ sile reinforcement, polymers have been used in the form of textiles, grids, linear strips and single filaments to reinforce earth structures such as road embankments, steep slopes and vertically faced soil retaining walls. A considerable number of retaining structures have been successfully con­ structed using the tensile reinforcing properties of "geosynthetics" as their primary means of stabilization. Despite such successes sufficient uncertainty exists concerning the performance of these new materials, their manner of interaction with the soil and the new design methods needed, that many authorities are still reticent concerning their use in permanent works. This book represents the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the "Application of Polymeric Reinforcement in Soil Retaining Struc­ tures" held at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario from June 8 to June 12, 1987. The initial concept for the workshop occur­ red during the ISSMFE Conference in San Francisco in 1985 when a group of geotextile researchers mooted the idea of hoiding a "prediction exercise" to test analytical and design methods for such structures.

Colin J. F. P. Jones ... 380 pages - Publisher: ICE Publishing; 3rd edition (September, 1996) ...
Language: English - ISBN-10: 072773489X - ISBN-13: 978-0727734891 ...

This volume provides a comprehensive explanation and illustration of earth reinforcement and soil structures, from the viewpoint of practising engineers involved in design and construction. This edition has been updated to reflect the latest changes in theory, materials and practice.

Buddhima Indraratna, Jian Chu, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn ... 
796 pages - Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1st edition (June, 2015) ...
Language: English - ISBN-10: 0081006985 - ISBN-13: 978-0081006986 ... 

Written by an international group of contributors, Ground Improvement Case Histories: Compaction, Grouting and Geosynthetics provides over 700 pages of international case-histories. Each case-history provides an overview of the specific technology followed by applications, with some cases offering a comprehensive back-analysis through numerical modelling. Specific case-histories include: The Use of Alternative and Improved Construction Materials and Geosynthetics in Pavements, Case Histories of Embankments on Soft Soils and Stabilisation with Geosynthetics, Ground Improvement with Geotextile Reinforcements, Use of Geosynthetics to aid Construction over Soft Soils and Soil Improvement and Foundation Systems with Encased Columns and Reinforced Bearing Layers. Comprehensive analysis methods  using numerical modelling methods + Features over 700 pages of contributor generated case-histories from all over the world + Offers field data and clear observations based on the practical aspects of the construction procedures and treatment effectiveness.

Tapobrata Sanyal ... 218 pages - Publisher: Springer; 1st edition (September, 2016) ...
Language: English - ISBN-10: 9811019312 - ISBN-13: 978-9811019319 ...

This book presents a first-of-its-kind exposition on the emerging technology of jute fiber geotextiles. The book covers the characteristics of jute fiber and jute yarns, types and functions of jute geotextiles, and the mechanism of control of surficial soil with jute geotextiles. The content also includes applications such as the mechanisms of functioning of jute geotextiles in strengthening road sub-grade and controlling river bank erosion, stabilization of earthen embankments, management of settlement of railway tracks, and consolidation of soft soil by use of pre-fabricated vertical jute drains (PVJD). Geotextile standards, properties and test methods, variants of jute geotextiles, economical and environmental advantages in different applications are covered along with a few case studies. A chapter on soil basics is included to enable clearer understanding of soil mechanisms. The book can be used as a reference work or as primary or supporting text for graduate and professional coursework. It will also prove useful to researchers and practicing engineers looking for a comprehensive treatise on jute geotextiles.

Dawn Shuttle ... 96 pages - Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); (June, 2010) ...
Language: English - ISBN-10: 0784410941 - ISBN-13: 978-0784410943 ...

The goal of the Compaction Grouting Consensus Guide is to promote good practice in compaction grouting. Compaction grouting is a ground improvement technique that increases the density, strength and stiffness of the ground through slow, controlled injections of low-mobility grout that compacts the soil as the grout mass expands. Compaction grouting can be applied equally well above or below the water table. The technology can be applied to a wide range of soils, in most cases being used to improve the engineering properties of poorly compacted fills and loose native soils. This guide covers both the practical and engineering aspects of compaction grouting and is essential reading for anyone interested in specifying, designing, and/or undertaking compaction grouting.

Raymond W. Henn ... 191 pages - Publisher: Thomas Telford Publishing; (April, 1996) ...
Language: English - ISBN-10: 0784401403 - ISBN-13: 978-0784401408 ...

This book presents a hand-on discussion of grouting fundamentals and provides a foundation for the development of practical specifications and field procedures. It takes a practical approach to the subject of grouting, and concentrates on areas such as the type of drilling, mixing and pumping equipment, and their application.

Kevin Forrester ... 208 pages - Publisher: Amer Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); (December, 2000) ... Language: English - ISBN-10: 0784400164 - ISBN-13: 978-0784400166 ...

This book describes the latest methods and practices in the field of subsurface drainage for slope stability. Groundwater pressure significantly affects slope stability; general principles of reducing pressure by drainage are comprehensively addressed. Details of the mechanics of water flow in soil, rock, aggregates, geotextiles, and pipes are covered. Filtration theory and filter design are presented in a geotechnical context along with the general characteristics of drains and the assessment of their performance. Field and laboratory investigations, site instrumentation and its monitoring, groundwater computations resulting from field investigations, and various methods of slope stability analysis are discussed. The materials and construction procedures used in trench, blanket, and horizontal drains are examined in depth. Also presented is an account of granular, ferric and calcium carbonate clogging mechanisms, and maintenance procedures for controlling them. Appendices include a field test for dissolved ferrous iron and case examples. Geotechnical practitioners, students, and beginners will find this book to be a comprehensive reference for every aspect of subsurface drainage for slope stabilization. Chapters include: Groundwater, Stability, and Drainage; Flow in Granular Materials and Synthetic Fabrics; Flow in Pipes; Protective Filters; Guidelines on Groundwater and Drainage; Field Investigations; Instrumentation; Laboratory Tests; Groundwater Computations; Slope Stability Analysis; Drain Construction Materials; Points on Design and Construction; Trench Drains; Drainage of Retaining Structures; Horizontal Drains; Wells; Monitoring; Clogging; and Maintenance.

Buddhima Indraratna, Jian Chu, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn ... 
838 pages - Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1st edition (June, 2015) ... 
Language: English - ISBN-10: 0081001924 - ISBN-13: 978-0081001929 ...

Written by a group of international contributors, Ground Improvement Case Histories: Embankments with Special Reference to Soil Consolidation and Other Physical Methods, employs the use of case-histories to illustrate and apply equations, numerical methods and technology to undertake even the most complicated ground improvement projects. In this book, each case-history provides an overview of the specific technology followed by field applications and in some cases comprehensive back-analysis through numerical modelling. Specific embankment case-histories with special reference to soil consolidation included are: Ballina Bypass (Australia), Tianjin Port (China), Second Bangkok International Airport (Thailand), Changi East reclamation (Singapore), Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway (Japan) and Colombo Airport Expressway, Sri Lanka. Other physical methods include performance of stone columns at Penny’s Bay reclamation in Hong Kong and PCC piles for highway and high-speed railway construction in China, among others. Provides a wealth of contributor-generated case histories from all over the world + Includes an abundance of illustrations and worked out examples + All inclusive discussion of preloading, vertical drains and vacuums applications + Features case-histories regarding sand and gravel piles, stone columns and other Rigid Inclusions.

John Woodward ... 136 pages - Publisher: CRC Press; (May, 2005) ...
Language: English - ISBN-10: 0415286468 - ISBN-13: 978-0415286466 ...

The study of the solid part of the earth on which structures are built is an essential part of the training of a civil engineer. Geotechnical processes such as drilling, pumping and injection techniques enhance the viability of many construction processes by improving ground conditions.

Highlighting the ground investigation necessary for the process, the likely improvement in strength of treated ground and testing methods An Introduction to Geotechnical Processes covers the elements of ground treatment and improvement, from the control of groundwater, drilling and grouting to ground anchors and electro-chemical hardening.

Petros P. Xanthakos, Lee W. Abramson, Donald A. Bruce ... 
936 pages - Publisher: Wiley-Interscience; 1st edition (May 19, 1994)
Language: English - ISBN-10: 0471552313 - ISBN-13: 978-0471552314

A comprehensive compilation concerned with a variety of modern methods being used worldwide to improve soil and rock conditions supporting new and remedial construction. Ground water lowering and drainage techniques, soil compaction, excavation support methods, permeation and jet grouting are among the many topics discussed. More than 100 tables and 650 figures illustrate the text.

E. Nonveiller ... 
260 pages
Publisher: Elsevier Science (May 1, 1989)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0444565205
ISBN-13: 978-0444565204

Grouting is a construction process by means of which the highly erratic permeability and deformability of foundation rock and soil are homogenized. The main parameter governing the design and construction of grouting works is the permeability of the rock or soil, which is established by means of field permeability tests. This book assembles information on rock and soil grouting from various sources, together with the author's personal experience on several grouting projects. Some aspects of permeability testing of rock and soils are elaborated, and the use of theoretical ground water percolation studies for clarification of design options for grout curtains are presented. The results achieved by grouting are presented and analysed on examples of constructed grouting works (curtains, tunnels, foundations, lifting of structures). Particulars of the performance of the permeability tests and their evaluation are studied in some detail, since they can very much distort the results obtained, and thus lead to erroneous design assumptions. Systematic grouting and adjustment of the injection process to the development of grout consumption and pressure during injection is discussed in connection with the achievement of the required permeability standard. The application of grouting to reduce the permeability and the deformability of the foundation of dams and hydrotechnical structures is presented, together with a number of illustrative examples. Characteristics of contact and consolidation grouting of dam foundations and tunnel linings are described. The possibilities and examples of rock prestressing by means of grouting are reported, and the results from several applications are discussed. Examples of lifting and levelling leaning structures by means of grouting are also reviewed. The book is illustrated by 180 drawings and 20 photographs, and a list of symbols used in the formulae, plus a glossary of specific terms use.

Klaus Kirsch, Alan Bell ... 511 pages - Publisher: CRC Press; 3rd edition (November, 2012) ... Language: English - ISBN-10: 0415599210 - ISBN-13: 978-0415599214.

When finding another location, redesigning a structure, or removing troublesome ground at a project site are not practical options, prevailing ground conditions must be addressed. Improving the ground—modifying its existing physical properties to enable effective, economic, and safe construction—to achieve appropriate engineering performance is an increasingly successful approach. This third edition of Ground Improvement provides a comprehensive overview of the major ground improvement techniques in use worldwide today. Written by recognized experts who bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to bear on their contributions, the chapters are fully updated with recent developments including advancements in equipment and methods since the last edition.

The text provides an overview of the processes and the key geotechnical and design considerations as well as equipment needed for successful execution. The methods described are well illustrated with relevant case histories and include the following approaches:
    Densification using deep vibro techniques or dynamic compaction + Consolidation employing deep fabricated drains and associated methods + Injection techniques, such as permeation and jet grouting, soil fracture grouting, and compaction grouting + New in-situ soil mixing processes, including trench-mixing TRD and panel-mixing CSM approaches.
      The introductory chapter touches on the historical development, health and safety, greenhouse gas emissions, and two less common techniques: blasting and the only reversible process, ground freezing. This practical and established guide provides readers with a solid basis for understanding and further study of the most widely used processes for ground improvement. It is particularly relevant for civil and geotechnical engineers as well as contractors involved in piling and ground engineering of any kind. It would also be useful for advanced graduate and postgraduate civil engineering and geotechnical students.

      A. C. Houlsby ... 
      466 pages
      Publisher: Wiley-Interscience; 1st edition (May 14, 1990)
      Language: English
      ISBN-10: 0471516295
      ISBN-13: 978-0471516293

      Provides exhaustive coverage of cement grouting in rock foundations, outlining all types of cement grout, comparing their suitabilities and describing various ways cement grouting is used in engineering construction. Written and arranged in an easy-to-read manner, the book is arranged as a reference manual with numerous cross-references. Step-by-step explanations on grouting techniques are given in considerable detail and written with both the novice and experienced practitioner in mind. Also covers advanced technology, including the current state of computer use in grouting operations; the latest grouting materials such as microfine; and the use of superplasticizers in cement grout. Chapters are arranged from elementary to advanced technology.

      Colin J. F. P. Jones, F. G. Bell ... 
      210 pages - Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann; Revised edition (October, 1988) ...
      Language: English - ISBN-10: 0408035498 - ISBN-13: 978-0408035491 ...

      This volume provides a comprehensive explanation and illustration of earth reinforcement and soil structures, from the viewpoint of practising engineers involved in design and construction. This edition has been updated to reflect the latest changes in theory, materials and practice.

      J. Verfel ... 
      532 pages
      Publisher: Elsevier Science; (February 1, 1989)
      Language: English
      ISBN-10: 0444564357
      ISBN-13: 978-0444564351

      The foundation of structures and the construction of underground railways in urban areas would be impossible without the use of diaphragm walls, grouting, anchors, micropiles, slender retaining walls, etc. Based on the author's own experience and taking into account the findings of various other authors, this book explains these methods in an intelligible manner, enabling the reader to judge for himself their suitability in construction practice. The aim of the book is to instruct experts in the correct application of grouting methods, and the correct choice of drilling systems and tools. It provides mainly practical information, and describes the most suitable, up-to-date technology available. Grouting applications in Czechoslovakia and abroad are illustrated by a series of practical examples. The book is designed for students of civil engineering faculties specializing in structural foundation, specialists of building companies, and experts in structural foundation. It will also be appreciated by experts in underground railway and tunnel construction, in structural engineering and urban development (landslides), as well as by manufacturers of the respective technology.

      Reuben H. Karol ... 
      584 pages - Publisher: CRC Press; 3rd edition (April 18, 2003)
      Language: English - ISBN-10: 0824740653 - ISBN-13: 978-0824740658

      Following shifting trends from remedial to preventive uses of grouting practices, this third edition covers all aspects of chemical grouting methods and applications. This reference highlights new ground improvement techniques as well as recent innovations in soil modification and stabilization procedures. It considers commercial alternatives to ground improvement, their relative advantages and disadvantages, and the engineering applications to which these methods are suited. Revised and expanded, this new edition assesses the role of new grouting techniques in the containment of hazardous waste and introduces numerous problems to illustrate concepts and facilitate instruction.

      Donald M. Harrison .... 
      222 pages
      Publisher: Elsevier; 2nd edition (June 24, 2013)
      Language: English
      ISBN-10: 0124165850
      ISBN-13: 978-0124165854

      Minimize loss of revenue and the downtime of critical assets by avoiding foundation cracking, poor bonds, and initial alignment changes. After their successful introduction as a maintenance material, machinery grouts are now being used for equipment placement in new construction. While certainly suitable for both markets and applications, a successful installation depends on proper grout selection, application, foundation preparation, and forming methods. Therefore, guidelines on their uses and limitations are needed for engineers and maintenance personnel.

      Based on 45 years of field experience, The Grouting Handbook collects a vast amount of information into a practical and user-friendly reference for mechanical and civil engineers. The book focuses on four basic elements of grouting:
      • The soil and its load-carrying capability;
      • The foundation and its mass, design, concrete mix, installation and curing procedures;
      • Anchor bolt technology, design and installation;
      • Epoxy grout comparison, material selection and installation.
      From the ground up, The Grouting Handbook takes you step by step through the grouting process. Clear, straightforward directions give you details on preparing the foundation and surface and selecting the best material and method. Comprehensive yet concise, this is a convenient handbook for veteran and rookie engineers alike.
      • Organizes a comprehensive amount of information into an easy-to-use reference
      • Provides advice for selecting the proper grouting material and method for the task at hand
      • Contains tips and practical solutions for common problems.

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